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CALM BUOY
(Catenary Anchor Leg Mooring)
Catenary Anchor Leg Mooring (CALM) buoys are often employed as offshore loading facilities for transferring oil from an onshore or offshore location to an oil tanker, or from an oil tanker to a reception facility. These types of buoys are so named because they employ a plurality of catenary anchor chains to hold the buoy generally in place.
An advantage of these buoys is that they do not require construction of a costly jetty or dock for mooring the oil tankers. However, since offshore loading facilities are often located in unprotected waters, the buoys must be designed to accommodate and withstand great environmental forces produced by large swells or waves, high winds and/or strong currents. These environmental forces can become particularly fierce when the buoy is placed in a very shallow location because the waves tend to build up and become very steep before they break in the shallow water.
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